Diameter vs. wire weight
The volume of a length of wire equals:
Where:
V : wire volume [m3, in3]
Ø : wire diameter [mm, in]
L : wire length [m, in]
Calculating the wire diameter of a given measured length of wire with a certain mass is done with
Where:
Ø : wire diameter [mm, in]
m : wire mass [kg, lbs]
ρ : wire density [kg/m3, lbs/in3]
L : wire length [m, in]
Diameter vs. electrical resistance
The resistance of a wire is calculated with
Where
R : electrical resistance [Ω]
ρ : electrical resistivity [Ω·m]
L : wire length [m]
Ø : wire diameter [m]
The resistance per length of wire is:
Calculating the wire diameter of a given measured length of wire with a certain resistivity is done with
Physical properties for common materials
Density 1) | Melting point | Thermal conductivity 1) | Thermal expansion 2) | Elastic modulus 1) | Shear modulus 1) | Electrical resistivity 1) | |
Symbol | ρ (rho) | λ (lambda) | α (alpha) | E | G | ρ (rho) | |
Unit | ·10^3 [kg/m^3] | [K] | [W/mK] | ·10^-6 [K-1] | ·10^9 [Pa] | ·10^9 [Pa] | ·10^-9 [Ω·m] |
Aluminum | 2.7 | 933 | 237 | 23.1 | 70 | 26 | 27 |
Aluminum alloy | 2.63 - 2.82 | 749 - 927 | 121 - 180 | 22.0 - 26 | 79 - 79 | 26 - 30 | 50 |
Copper | 8.97 | 1358 | 398 | 16.6 | 110 | 48 | 16.7 - 67.5 |
Copper alloy | 7.47 - 8.94 | 1128 - 1533 | 110 - 390 | 16.3 - 20.2 | 110 - 120 | 47 | 140 - 490 |
Gold | 19.3 | 1337 | 315 | 14.2 | 83 | 27 | 24 |
Iron | 7.86 | 1811 | 80 | 11.8 | 211 | 82 | 98 |
Steel | 6.92 - 9.13 | 1644 - 1805 | 11-12 | 10.0 - 17.3 | 190 - 210 | 75 - 80 | 180 |
Stainless steel | 7.64 - 8.44 | 7.3 - 26 | 17.3 | 195 | 57 - 97 | 720 - 765 | |
Lead | 11.35 | 601 | 35 | 28.9 | 16 | 5.6 | 210 |
Lead alloy | 7.85 - 11.35 | 455 - 599 | 20.2 | 19.5 - 29.0 | 150 | ||
Molybdenum | 10.28 | 2896 | 140 | 4.8 | 329 | 126 | 52 |
Molybdenum alloy | 10.21 | 2610 | |||||
Nickel | 8.91 | 1728 | 90 | 13.4 | 210 | 80 | 70 |
Nickel alloy | 7.75 - 8.85 | 1383 - 1727 | 12.6 - 17.0 | 0.0 - 14 | 170 - 200 | 66 | 112 - 330 |
Platinum | 21.45 | 2041 | 73 | 8.8 | 168 | 61 | 106 |
Silver | 10.49 | 1234 | 427 | 18.9 | 83 | 30 | 16.1 |
Titanium | 4.51 | 1941 | 20 | 8.6 | 116 | 44 | 430 |
Titanium alloy | 4.43 - 4.70 | 1822 - 1922 | 8 - 10 | 110 - 120 | 39 - 44 | ||
Tungsten | 19.29 | 3695 | 178 | 4.5 | 411 | 161 | 55 |
Zinc | 7.14 | 693 | 115 | 30.2 | 108 | 43 | 59 |
Zinc alloy | 6.64 - 7.20 | 659 - 798 | 105 - 115 | 23.3 - 27.4 | > 86 | 34 | |
Ceramic | 2.30 - 5.50 | 4143 | 0 - 7.5 | 450 | |||
Tungsten carbide | 3143 | 100 | 3.7 | 586 - 689 | 262 | ||
ND/SSCD diamond | 3.52 | 3820 | 900 - 2320 | 1.3 | 1050 - 1200 | 478 | 10(13) |
PCD diamond | 500 - 600 | 827 - 1103 |
Physical properties for common materials. Source: Wikipedia.com, Efunda.com, CRC handbook of Mechanical Engineering, Element6, Sandvik Hyperion
Notes:
1) T = 293K
2) T = 273-373 K
Quickly convert between units
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